Across families

Chinese Folk Religion and Santería (Regla de Ocha / Lucumí)

Different families with 12 axes in close agreement — the sort of pairing a quiz weighting only the divine axes would never surface. Mean distance across all seventeen axes: 0.11 (0 would be identical).

Chinese Folk ReligionEast Asian

Ancestors, local gods, Buddhist figures and Daoist ritual specialists used together without embarrassment, organised around efficacy rather than around creed. Belonging is to a family and a place, not to a doctrine.

Santería (Regla de Ocha / Lucumí)Afro-diasporic

Cuban orisha worship structured around divination, initiation and a strict ritual grammar, with Catholic saints as a historical overlay rather than as theology. Authority is earned through initiation and is not negotiable.

Where they agree

  • A3 Plurality

    Both sit at many powers and spirits — a gap of 0.00.

  • A2 Personhood

    Both sit at leaning a personal being one can address — a gap of 0.02.

  • A4 Locus

    Both sit at fully present within it — a gap of 0.02.

  • C1 Survival of the self

    Both sit at continues in some form — a gap of 0.02.

  • D2 Centrality of ritual

    Both sit at essential and prescribed — a gap of 0.03.

  • C2 Shape of time

    Both sit at between one life, then judgment and cyclical return — a gap of 0.04.

  • A1 Divine reality

    Both sit at a divine reality certainly exists — a gap of 0.05.

  • E4 Standing of nature

    Both sit at leaning animate and itself sacred and animate and itself sacred respectively — a gap of 0.06.

  • E3 Locus of belonging

    Both sit at leaning a people, inherited — a gap of 0.07.

  • B1 Source of truth

    Both sit at between revealed and fixed and reason and direct experience — a gap of 0.07.

  • C3 The human condition

    Both sit at leaning ignorant but fundamentally sound — a gap of 0.08.

  • D1 Mechanism of the ultimate good

    Both sit at leaning achieved by effort or insight and between given as grace and achieved by effort or insight respectively — a gap of 0.10.

Where they part company

  • B3 Institutional authority

    Chinese Folk Religion: between clergy and tradition decide and individual conscience decides. Santería (Regla de Ocha / Lucumí): clergy and tradition decide. A gap of 0.43 on an axis running from “clergy and tradition decide” to “individual conscience decides”.

All seventeen axes

AxisChinese Folk ReligionSantería (Regla de Ocha / Lucumí)Gap
A1 Divine realitya divine reality certainly existsa divine reality certainly exists0.05
A2 Personhoodleaning a personal being one can addressleaning a personal being one can address0.02
A3 Pluralitymany powers and spiritsmany powers and spirits0.00
A4 Locusfully present within itfully present within it0.02
B1 Source of truthbetween revealed and fixed and reason and direct experiencebetween revealed and fixed and reason and direct experience0.07
B2 Reading of sacred textleaning metaphorical, or no text at allmetaphorical, or no text at all0.16
B3 Institutional authoritybetween clergy and tradition decide and individual conscience decidesclergy and tradition decide0.43
C1 Survival of the selfcontinues in some formcontinues in some form0.02
C2 Shape of timebetween one life, then judgment and cyclical returnbetween one life, then judgment and cyclical return0.04
C3 The human conditionleaning ignorant but fundamentally soundleaning ignorant but fundamentally sound0.08
D1 Mechanism of the ultimate goodleaning achieved by effort or insightbetween given as grace and achieved by effort or insight0.10
D2 Centrality of ritualessential and prescribedessential and prescribed0.03
D3 The bodybetween to be disciplined and to be celebratedleaning to be celebrated0.15
E1 Exclusivitymany valid pathsbetween one true path and many valid paths0.26
E2 Origin of the cosmosbetween an intentional act and beginningless or naturalleaning an intentional act0.34
E3 Locus of belongingleaning a people, inheritedleaning a people, inherited0.07
E4 Standing of natureleaning animate and itself sacredanimate and itself sacred0.06

Positions for Chinese Folk Religion rest principally on Ethnographic scholarship on Chinese popular religion (Feuchtwang, Yang); for Santería (Regla de Ocha / Lucumí), on Lucumí/Santería ritual practice and Brandon, Santeria from Africa to the New World. Per-cell sources are listed on each tradition’s own page.

Which of the two is closer to you?

The questionnaire places your answers on these same axes and ranks all 65 traditions by how closely they match. Take it.